Data visualizations such as charts, diagrams, and infographics are popular as they can present data in a concise and compact way. But visualizations are often not accessible due to low contrast colors, insufficient labels, or images without alternative text. This means that part of your audience might be excluded from the information being presented. With some thoughtful planning, we can create charts and graphs that are accessible to everyone. 

We've highlighted key points from Harvard University's Data Visualizations, Charts, and Graphs guide to help you create accessible data visualizations. By focusing on design simplicity, effective color usage, and clear labeling, you can ensure your charts and graphs are inclusive and understandable for all audiences.

Design and color choices

• Use familiar and simple designs to avoid overwhelming the audience.
• Use the WebAIM Contrast Checker to ensure accessible contrast ratios.
• Use shapes to differentiate data points. Example source: University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture
  
• Use pattern differences to differentiate data points. Example source: Accessible Colors for Data Visualization.
  

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Labels and descriptions

• Provide clear labels and legends for all major elements.
• Use direct labeling to enhance clarity. Example source: storytelling with data.
  
• Use data point callouts for clarity. Example source: Data Visualizations, Charts, and Graphs guide.
  

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Supplemental formats

• Offer data in multiple formats, such as tables or spreadsheets.
• Include a collapsible description.
• Example source: Data Visualizations, Charts, and Graphs guide.
  
  See full data for Student Weekly Activities
  
  
  Click here to see the chart description

  Weekly Activities for 1st and 2nd Year Students measured in hours.

  • Social Events - First Year 6 hours, Second Year 2 hours.
  • Volunteer Activities - First Year 4 hours, Second Year 2 hours.
  • Coursework - First Year 9 hours, Second Year 9 hours.

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Building your data visualization

• Many visualizations are inaccessible due to low contrast, insufficient labels, or a lack of alternative text.
• Consider the platform, program, or tool for creating visualizations.
• Each option has unique advantages to consider, presented in Harvard's Data Visualizations Guide 
  
  • Image with Alt Text: Export visualizations as images with alternative text.
  • Documents: Use document programs like Microsoft or Google for creating visualizations.
  • Chart Library or Custom Build: Use libraries like Highcharts for flexible design.

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Additional resources

• Technique: Describing graphs
• 10 Guidelines for DataViz Accessibility – Highcharts
• An intro to designing accessible data visualizations by Sarah L. Fossheim
• 5 easy ways to make your data visualization more accessible
• Accessibility Considerations in Data Visualization Design
• How to make charts and graphs more accessible – Pope Tech

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